The Roots of Stepping - African Dance

African dance's central trait is that it is diffused. Thisto work. African slaves in America were forbidden by
means that the body is infused with the entiretheir white masters to express their religion, social
rhythm of the dance and movement may start withand cultural practices and were made to follow
any part of the body (shoulders, chest, pelvis, arms,practices that were entirely alien to them. The
legs etc.) and naturally integrate the rest of theinfluence of their master's culture combined with their
body, very unlike other dances of the world whereinindigenous culture and produce new hybrid forms.
the body is treated as a "stiff" unit. Unlike theAfrican American dance is normally not learned in
movement through space of the whole body thatformal dance schools. Very young African American
plays the most important role in many Europeanchildren often learn to dance as they grow up,
dances (e.g. Classical Ballet), the resulting complexdeveloping not only a body awareness and
movements that seem to come from "inside" thecoordination but also learning the soul and rhythm of
body is what makes African dance distinct.the dance which are particular to their community.
African American "vernacular dances" areThese children learn to dance in a natural and social
characterized by ongoing change and developmentmanner, by mimicking what they hear and see around
and places great value on improvisation. Vernacularthem. Children learn specific dance steps or 'how to
dances are dances which have developed 'naturally'dance' from their families - most often from older
as a part of 'everyday' culture within a particularbrothers and sisters, cousins or other older children.
community. This kind of dancing is very organic in theThe natural progression from African Dance in Africa
sense that it adapts to changes in the environment.to African American Dance in America is a distinct
Because they exist in social spaces the main purposeand inevitable process of infusion of a culture
of African American dance is self-expression, theymeeting another culture. The variety of dances that
are continually changing to reflect the needs,came out of this infusion can be seen in different
interests and personalities of their participants.regions of the United States. Stepping is a direct
Because these dances are vernacular, they have aproduct of that infusion and the movements
tendency to incorporate steps from other dancedeveloped are uniquely African American.
traditions and any particular African American danceStepping, as an art form, can not be anything but
shows clear evidence of its relationship to other,African American. The loose limbed movements and
earlier dances.rhythmic poundings of the dancer's body are
African American dance was a response to theindigenous to African culture. The factors (history,
conditions of slavery in the United States in the earlyreligion and culture) that influenced stepping in its
1600s. Life for African slaves in America wasearly stages of development have made it the
controlled mainly by slave owners or "masters" andunique, exciting dance it is now.
local communities in which these slaves were made